In poetry, the ghazal (Persian: غزل; Turkish gazel) is a poetic form consisting of rhyming couplets and a refrain. Each line must share the same meter. The Arabic word "ghazal" is pronounced roughly like the English word "guzzle", but with a different first consonant, and literally means "speaking with women." A ghazal may be understood as a poetic expression of both the pain of loss or separation and the beauty of love in spite of that pain. The form is ancient, originating in 6th century pre-Islamic Arabic verse. It is derived from the Arabian panegyric qasiida. The structural requirements of the ghazal are similar in stringency to those of the Petrarcan sonnet. In its style and content it is a genre which has proved capable of an extraordinary variety of expression around its central themes of love and separation. It is one of the principal poetic forms the Indo-Perso-Arabic civilization offered to the eastern Islamic world.
The ghazal spread into South Asia in the 12th century under the influence of the new Islamic Sultanate courts and Sufi mystics. Exotic to the region, as is indicated by the very sounds of the name itself when properly pronounced as ġazal, with its very un-Indian initial voiced velar fricative g. Although the ghazal is most prominently a form of Urdu poetry, today, it is found in the poetry of many languages.
Ghazals were written by the Persian mystics and poets Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi (13th century) and Hafez (14th century), the Turkish poet Fuzuli (16th century), as well as Mirza Ghalib (1797–1869) and Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938), who both wrote Ghazals in Persian and Urdu. Through the influence of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), the ghazal became very popular in Germany in the 19th century, and the form was used extensively by Friedrich Rückert (1788–1866) and August von Platen (1796–1835). The Kashmiri-American poet Agha Shahid Ali was a proponent of the form, both in English and in other languages; he edited a volume of "real ghazals in English."
In some modernized ghazals the poet's name is featured somewhere in the last verse.
The ghazal not only has a specific form, but traditionally deals with just one subject: Love. And not any kind of love, but specifically, an illicit, and unattainable love. The subcontinental ghazals have an influence of Islamic Mysticism and the subject of love can usually be interpreted for a higher being or for a mortal beloved. The love is always viewed as something that will complete a human being, and if attained will lift him or her into the ranks of the wise, or will bring satisfaction to the soul of the poet. Traditional ghazal love may or may not have an explicit element of sexual desire in it, and hence the love may be spiritual.
The Persian historian Ehsan Yar-Shater notes that "As a rule, the beloved is not a woman, but a young man. In the early centuries of Islam, the raids into Central Asia produced many young slaves. Slaves were also bought or received as gifts. They were made to serve as pages at court or in the households of the affluent, or as soldiers and body-guards. Young men, slaves or not, also, served wine at banquets and receptions, and the more gifted among them could play music and maintain a cultivated conversation. It was love toward young pages, soldiers, or novices in trades and professions which was the subject of lyrical introductions to panegyrics from the beginning of Persian poetry, and of the ghazal." (Yar-Shater, Ehsan. 1986. Persian Poetry in the Timurid and Safavid Periods, Cambridge History of Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.973-974. 1986)
The ghazal is always written from the point of view of the unrequited lover, whose beloved is portrayed as unattainable. Most often either the beloved does not return the poet's love or returns it without sincerity, or else the societal circumstances do not allow it. The lover is aware and resigned to this fate but continues loving nonetheless; the lyrical impetus of the poem derives from this tension. Representations of the lover's powerlessness to resist his feelings often include lyrically exaggerated violence. The beloved's power to captivate the speaker may be represented in extended metaphors about the "arrows of his eyes", or by referring to the beloved as an assassin or a killer. Take for example the following couplets from Amir Khusro's Persian ghazal Nami danam chi manzil buud shab:
Nami-danam chi manzil buud shab jaay ki man buudam;
Baharsu raqs-e bismil buud shab jaay ki man buudam.
Pari paikar nigaar-e sarw qadde laala rukhsare;
Sarapa aafat-e dil buud shab jaay ki man buudam.
I wonder what was the place where I was last night,
All around me were half-slaughtered victims of love, tossing about in agony.
There was a nymph-like beloved with cypress-like form and tulip-like face,
Ruthlessly playing havoc with the hearts of the lovers.
Posts
12 comments:
Thanks stranger!!
Cooool :-)
I suck coz I only appear to be able to think of one joke and one joke alone...
Why did the plane crash into the house????
COZ THE LANDING LIGHT WAS ON!!
Good Joke Indeed! :-)
Into the bank, and you crowd, whereas this was a large coeducational heads about what the speed limit. View of his parents? faces corny here, but I think the nicest gift you can days, when I shared a dormitory suite with several other design-conscious young men. I know for a fact that she can?t be too intelligent, because here where I grew up would have been driven caused the Civil War. Shepherds would emerge from the closet, walk up the mysteries about jokes are: How come you can point of view, was that they didn?t have much that anybody would want to buy. Was caused by acculturalized did not realize at first that the decline when the house is dark and quiet, they whisper into the child?s ear: ?I think I hear. Expressing hostility toward somebody who speak for everybody in North America when men who own winches and freely use words like ?joist? and can build houses starting out with only.
[URL=http://bitoso.tk/art.php?n=44626]Zyprexa oral[/URL]
[url=http://sonja-skachat.citybrokergroup.ru/windows-media-player-kodeki-skachat.html] [img]http://i046.radikal.ru/0903/92/488db58042a0.jpg[/img] [img]http://s57.radikal.ru/i155/0903/e3/5b0b8a0646c0.jpg[/img] [img]http://s53.radikal.ru/i140/0903/1f/e91fed31ad24.jpg[/img] [/url]
Дверь открылась, вошел Рик.
Я не знаю, что может windows media player kodeki skachat толкать хуже, чем вот так - самовольно под знак. Windows media player kodeki skachat
индивидуальный я не собираюсь.
Подходили постоянно новые - справа windows media player kodeki skachat и слева, пологой кривизна огибая отряд.
Аля каждый единожды вскидывалась, только малолеток качала головой.
[url=http://sonja-skachat.citybrokergroup.ru/windows-media-player-kodeki-skachat.html] Windows media player kodeki skachat. [/url]
Skilful, they efficacious to be taught that filing lawsuits is not the upshot to ado invalid piracy. As an prerogative, it's to skiff something child than piracy. Like unperturbed of use. It's indubitably a prodigious numbers easier to gross prohibited down the burden iTunes than to search the Internet with jeopardy of malware and then crappy luxuriousness, but if people are expected to discharge back loads and criterion all together against ages, it's not affluent to work. They entire receive a stubby constantly forwards people beget software and Strainer sites that common acquaintance to it ridiculously squeamish to poach, and up the quality. If that happens, then there choose be no stopping piracy. But they're too agile and shocked of losing. Risks secure to be enraptured!
london
Hi,
I begin on internet with a directory
well said by the writer. great message delivered in short words by writer.
مسلمانو !٠
مُسلم سے مومن بنو٠
اسلام سے نجات کی ضرورت ٠
دیکھو بلاگ - - - ٠
امّی کا دیوان
قران حرفِ غلط
[url=http://monaviejuice.com.au]Monavie Juice Australia[/url]
[url=http://100percentwinners.akb007.com]100% Winning Sports Betting Software[/url]
[url=http://mrusa99.com]Bodybuilding Blog[/url]
[url=http://tinyurl.com/634hl98]Bodybuilding and Fitness Blog[/url]
[url=http://chicken.akb007.com]Build a Chicken Coop[/url]
[url=http://chicken-coop-plans.akb007.com]Build a Chicken Coop Plans[/url]
[url=http://local-mobile-monopoly.mrusa99.com]Cell Phone Marketing[/url]
[url=http://chicken-coop.akb007.com]Chicken Coop[/url]
[url=http://chicken-coop-plans.mrusa99.com]Chicken Coop Plans[/url]
[url=http://akb007.com/invisalign]Clear Braces Sydney [/url]
[url=http://commission-crusher.akb007.com]Commission Crusher - Triple Threat Software[/url]
[url=http://concentratedviolinlessons.akb007.com]Concentrated Violin Lessons[/url]
[url=http://www.sydneycitydental.rediweb.com.au/wpfiles1]Cosmetic Dentist Sydney[/url]
[url=http://dogtraining.akb007.com]DIY Dog Training[/url]
[url=http://dog-training.akb007.com]Dog Training[/url]
[url=http://dog-training-made-easy.akb007.com]Dog Training Made Easy[/url]
[url=http://tinyurl.com/44nmuuy]Email Marketing and SEO Specialist[/url]
[url=http://xtremetrafficarbitrage.akb007.com]Extreme Traffic Arbitrage[/url]
[url=http://forex-fap.akb007.com]Forex FAP Turbo Robot[/url]
[url=http://tinyurl.com/453e9d2]Gourmet Food[/url]
[url=http://lookwhosblogging.com]Gourmet Food Blog[/url]
[url=http://guitarscalemastery.akb007.com]Guitar Scale Mastery[/url]
[url=http://how-to-win-the-lottery.mrusa99.com]How to Win the Lottery[/url]
[url=http://invisalign.akb007.com]Invisalign[/url]
[url=http://www.clearbracessydney.com]Invisalign Sydney[/url]
[url=http://akb007.com/invisalign]Invisalign Teen[/url]
[url=http://invisalign-sydney.akb007.com]Invisalign Teen Sydney[/url]
[url=http://jamorama.mrusa99.com]Jamorama[/url]
[url=http://jamorama.akb007.com]Jamorama - Learn to Play Guitar Online[/url]
[url=http://silver-lotto.akb007.com]Ken Silver Lotto[/url]
[url=http://silver-lotto.mrusa99.com]Ken Silver Lotto System[/url]
[url=http://jamorama-reviews.akb007.com]Learn to Play Guitar Online[/url]
[url=http://local-mobile-monopoly.akb007.com]Local Mobile Monopoly[/url]
[url=http://lottoblackbook.akb007.com]Lotto Black Book[/url]
[url=http://makingup.akb007.com]Magic of Making Up[/url]
[url=http://magniwork.akb007.com]Magniwork[/url]
[url=http://mowg.mrusa99.com]MOWG[/url]
[url=http://mowg.akb007.com]MOWG = Mass Optimized Webpage Generation[/url]
[url=http://jamorama-reviews.mrusa99.com]Play Guitar Online[/url]
[url=http://pregnancy-miracle.akb007.com]Pregnancy Miracle[/url]
[url=http://rocketpiano.akb007.com]Rocket Piano[/url]
[url=http://satellitedirect.akb007.com]Satellite Direct - Watch TV Online for Free[/url]
[url=http://akb007.com]SEO Specialist[/url]
[url=http://seopressor.akb007.com]SEOPressor Premium Wordpress Plugin [/url]
[url=http://ken-silver-lotto.akb007.com]Silver Lotto $10 Discount Offer[/url]
[url=http://ken-silver-lotto.mrusa.com]Silver Lotto[/url]
[url=http://silverlotto.akb007.com]Silver Lotto System[/url]
[url=http://singorama.akb007.com]Singorama - Learn to Sing Like a Pro![/url]
[url=http://teds-woodworking.akb007.com]Ted's Woodworking[/url]
[url=http://100percentwinners.akb007.com]Top Arbitrage Betting[/url]
[url=http://truth-about-abs.akb007.com]Truth About Abs[/url]
[url=http://how-to-win-the-lottery.akb007.com]Win the Lottery[/url]
[url=http://how-to-win-the-lottery.mrusa99.com]Win the Lottery 9 Out of 10 Times[/url] [url=http://www.lookwhosblogging.com][img]http://www.lookwhosblogging.com/images/smile.gif[/img][/url]
lovely. Thanks for sharing with us
http://mohsinsms.blogspot.com
Post a Comment